What is an inode, and why does hosting report an inode limit?

An inode is a filesystem record used for a file or directory. Hosting companies often describe the inode count as the total number of files and folders in an account. A one-byte cache file and a large video each use one inode. The inode quota therefore measures item count, while the storage quota measures the space those items occupy.
WordPress can create many items through image thumbnails, page caches, security logs, sessions, backups, and multiple installations. Email stored on the hosting account can add thousands of small message files. A site may therefore reach the inode limit while plenty of disk space remains.
Use the hosting statistics and directory tools to locate folders with unusually high file counts. Clear caches through their own controls, remove expired backups and staging sites, empty old mail folders, and review plugins that create sessions or temporary files. Keep a verified backup before cleaning unfamiliar directories.
When normal site operation requires more files than the plan permits, ask the host about a higher quota or move to a service with suitable limits. Do not run a blind mass-deletion command. Removing WordPress core files, generated images still used by pages, or active session data can break the site even though it lowers the count.